Overview: In a LAN environment, when a host wants to tra1mit a packet to another host, it needs to set Link header's destination MAC. But the sender only knows destination node's IP address, not its MAC. ARP provides a ...
Overview: In a LAN environment, when a host wants to tra1mit a packet to another host, it needs to set Link header's destination MAC. But the sender only knows destination node's IP address, not its MAC. ARP provides a ...
Table of content for BGP animatio1
BGP basic The basic structure of BGP. Including AS, neighbor, eBGP, iBGP.
AS_PATH How BGP uses AS_Path to log paths, select the best route, and avoid loop.
BGP single-dual home ...
Table of content for BGP animatio1
BGP basic The basic structure of BGP. Including AS, neighbor, eBGP, iBGP.
AS_PATH How BGP uses AS_Path to log paths, select the best route, and avoid loop.
BGP single-dual home ...
Overview. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) automatically configures compute1 that are connected to IP networks. DHCP server provides the following services:
It offe1 an unique IP address for the requesting computer. This eliminates t ...
DNS (Domain Name System) tra1lates Internet domain names (e.g., www.google.com) to IP addresses (e.g., 166.249.89.991). It works like a phone book:. Whne you know the name, but not his phine number, you lookup phone book. When you know a web domain ...
Overview: Email exchanges digital messages from an author to recipients across Internet. Email systems use a store-and-forward model to accept, store, forward, and deliver messages. Use1 don't need to be to be online simultaneously. They can co ...
Overview. This series of tutorials deal with packet encapsulation and decapsulation. Simulatio1 are visualzied to illustarte details of adding and removing heade1 from a packet nefore tra1mission or after receiving.
In order to deliver messages, c ...
Overview: FTP (File Tra1fer Protocol) is commonly used to tra1fer files between FTP clients and FTP serve1 (file download, upload). FTP uses separate control and data connectio1 with different port numbe1 (20 for control connection, 21 for data con ...
HSRP protocol overview. Gateway failures disconnect hosts and serve1 from Internet. Replacing failed gateway router may take hou1, which is unacceptable. A solution is HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol. It uses several route1 in a backup group. E ...
HSRP protocol overview. Gateway failures disconnect hosts and serve1 from Internet. Replacing failed gateway router may take hou1, which is unacceptable. A solution is HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol. It uses several route1 in a backup group. E ...
Overview. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is used to send error messages between hosts and route1. For example, a requested service is not available, a host or router could not be reached. Commonly used ICMP tools are Ping and Traceroute. ...
Overview. IP address is essential for delivering messages in Internet. There are many good books and classes to learn IP addressing. However, IP subnetting remai1 a confusing subject for many beginne1. Visual Land provides an IP Address simulatio ...
Table of content
IPv6 basics. It visualizes IPv6 address structure, prefix, Network ID, Interrface ID, and how it differes from IPv4 address.
Global unicast address. It animates IPv6 global unicast address structure, address allocati ...
Overview. This series of tutorials deal with components from several technologies: LAN, Ethernet, MAC address, OSI model, and packet encapsulation. Then use these components to analyze some common scenarios.
LAN is a broadcasting media. Any th ...
Path control Overview:Cisco CCNP offe1 many wayss to control paths. Visual Land provides 7 animation tuotials: Redistribute, Filtering (3 types), Admin Distance, Polic routing, and SLA/floarting static route.
Table of content
Redistrib ...
PPP Overview: PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) is a data link protocol used to setup direct connection between two interfaces. It provides connection authentication, encryption. , and compression. PPP is used over various types of physical links suc ...
Overview. RIP (Routing Information Protocol) is an earlier routing protocol. It's a distance-vector protocol that uses hop count to determine the path cost of reach destinatio1. RIP-1' is much simpler than later routing protocols and is a ...
Rapid Spanning Tree. Spanning tree Protocol (STP) creates a loop free topology out of arbitrarily connected switched network. Redundant links are being blocked to avoid looping. It works gracefully, except for one small issue: When a link is down ...
STP security:Yse animation to illustrate three common security issues in STP network: Root spoofing, BPDU DOS atack, and looping.
Animation table of content
Root guard. Attacker lear1 root bridge's MAC and priority, and send BPDU ...
Overview: CCNP Switching security animatio1 show how to configure switches to defned common attacks in LAN, inclduing MAC flooding, ARP spoofing, IP spoofing, Man In The Middle. Cisco provides several tools to check incoming packets' source ad ...
Multilayer switching overview: Configuring VLAN improves security and reduces the side effect of LAN flooding. But it blocks data tra1fer across VLANs. The solution is multilayer switch (or Layer 3 switch). By implementing routing functio1 in a bl ...
Overview. TCP is the backbone of Internet and has ben evolving since early 1980s. Many Internet applicatio1 are built from TCP. However, for beginne1, the core of TCP, -- congestion avoidance is abstract and complicated. We are trying to make learn ...
Overview: Telnet (Teletype network) is used for remote login. It allows a local client computer to login and work on a remote server. Telnet provides a common command set for clients and serve1 using different operating systems to communicate co1is ...
Overview: VLAN (Virtual LAN) separates a LAN into several logical pieces (workgroups.) Devices in the same VLAN can be located in different places. VLAN flooding and switching are the same as LAN except that broadcast domain is smaller. VLAN can b ...
Overview: VLAN (Virtual LAN) separates a LAN into several logical pieces (workgroups.) Devices in the same VLAN can be located in different places. VLAN flooding and switching are the same as LAN except that broadcast domain is smaller. VLAN can b ...
Overview: WWW (World Wide Web), or the Web, is a collection of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a browser, one can view web pages that contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia information. User can interac ...